issuewith_issue范文

1.雅思写作精讲：社交网络

2.关于动物的雅思作文及解析

3.高中英语口语对话范文

4.托福TPO22综合写作及材料原文

5.翻译年度工作总结报告

6.如何避免ger作文留下范文的影子

7.求一篇关于大学教育和职业教育的英语范文。

6.书信题型写作书信题型写作是常见的功能性写作形式，考生应该对书信写作的具体细节有整体的把握。

1）书信写作要点：①日期写信人应将写信日期（年、月、日）放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 20th ， 2004.②称呼称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别、职务、婚姻状况、姓名等个人信息来写，如：Mr. Williams， Mrs. Bush， Professor Li， Dr. Smith， Dear Mum and Dad.如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名、职务等情况，可以写：Dear Sir or Madam、To whom it may concern.③正文正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言、展开段和结尾三个层次组成……引言引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可……展开段展开段内容应详实、具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题进行展开……结尾结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。

④结束语结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多用Yours sincerely， Sincerely yours， Yours faithfully， Yours truly等；私人信件，多用Yours， With love， Yours affectionately等。

⑤签名签名应写在结束语的下面。

2）书信题型写作实例①试题题目：Directions：A. Write a job lication letter of about 200 words B. Your letter should cover these three points：1. ly for the position of production coordinator 2. describe your education background 3. state your relevant working experience②参考范文：Dear Sir，I am responding to your ad in the June 20th， 2003， issue of the Sunday Talent Journal for the position of production coordinator. I feel that my background in electronics and manufacturing will fit in well at your printed circuit board manufacturing facility. I will graduate from the Beijing Science & Technology University in June with a Bachelor of Science degree in Manufacturing Engineering. I he had extensive training on computers while at school. In my Production and Inventory class， I learned about computerized production and material scheduling in a job shop environment. While working for the Ministry of Energy and Transportation， I wrote a program to control the flow of equipment being checked out from the electronics lab. As shown in my resume， I he also repaired and installed fire alarm， security， and patient-signal systems when I worked at Johnson Controls. Most of the time I faced construction deadlines so I know what it is like to work under pressure. My duties as the supervisor for the electronics lab involved assigning jobs， coordinating schedules， training new employees， and working with the department chairman when needed. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Would you please call me to set up an interview？ I can be reached at my resume address or by phoning （010） 2357-7980 after 4 p.m. Sincerely，Li Ming

雅思写作精讲：社交网络

对于各位留学党来说，留学个人陈述的准备是必不可少的，那么个人陈述究竟怎么写比较吸引招生官的注意呢?接下来，请随我一起来学习一篇美国留学个人陈述的范文吧。

　美国留学申请材料中的个人陈述PS就是个人陈述或说明，要说出你到底喜不喜欢这个专业、喜欢到什么程度、对未来有什么设想，去读研究生、博士一定要谈对这一领域的看法，说出自己对它的热爱。

下面是ps范文：

　To live a meaningful life everyday; to continually pursue my predetermined worthwhile goals. -My view of life.

　Could I put myself in the life-threatening working environment? Could I sacrifice my life for the benefits of others? Some people may laugh at my crazy question. To me, that is a serious question I he come a long way to find my answer. “I am not sure whether it is worth to answer”; “What is the true meaning of that question?”

　When I was a young child, I watched a soap opera that was about court. I was deeply impressed by the judge’s calmness and the lawyer’s eloquence and resource that were showed in this opera. From then on, I hoped to study law some day. Fortunately, I performed well in entrance examination and got enrolled into xx University. Then I chose law as my major without hesitation.At university, I studied hard and got GPA 3.4. What’s more, I broadly read all kinds of books, including philosophy, history etc. My teachers’ instruction strengthened my understanding of law and makes me understand the significance of law to a country. From my studies, I had a lot of fun and got more interested in law. Moreover, I actively participated in practice in holidays from common company to law firm and tried to ly the theory I had learned into practice.

　This summer, I had my internship in counselor department in xxx Group Co Ltd which was involved in a business contract dispute, which was submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration. As a representative of the requested licant, I took part in the evidence collection in the early arbitration stage and clearly explained why the 5% balance of goods was not paid on time. After knowing the whole case, I visited my teacher, an Arbitration Law professor, and listened to her opinions. Realizing the counterpart didn’t completely implement their contract duty, I ge reasons as follows: First, the counterpart company didn’t mention bearing issue, which caused that the delivered machines couldn’t be put into the plant because of the disqualification of workshop. Thus overhaul was necessary, which delayed production and resulted loss. Based on these reasons, the counterpart didn’t completely carry out its duty, so our party did not pay the balance on time.During this time, I found out the evidence and pictures that attested counterpart did not give reasonable suggestion and service, and made a statement in the court. Finally, the arbitration turned out that counterpart compensated our loss, in which the arbiters invoked the reasons that I stated. They had a panel made up of 3 lawyers and 5 company representatives as agents while we just had 3 persons—two lawyers and me. Under such condition, I was able to cooperate with them and clearly stated my opinions without any nervousness, which got their respect. This matter greatly inspired my enthusiasm on study.

　In addition, I took part in the contact draft in several companies. In the process, when I met a lot of problems, I often turned to my teachers for help, which made good impression on them. As I cherished each practice, I studied my specialty and English hard. With effective study method and diligence, I did well both in English and law, which helped me a lot to get scholarship every year. On the other hand, my practice inspired me to study. In practice, I exercised my legal knowledge. I also realize the big gap between theory and its lication—sometimes I he master the rules but I didn’t know how to use it in actual case. My practice experiences he not only strengthened what I learned but he supplied new knowledge for me, which is good for my future study and career.

　In my study and practice, I admired outstanding lawyers’ eloquence and jumping thinking more and more. However, in China, most of lawyers come from theory study and those who can perform well in practice are insufficient. Moreover, after the China’s entrance to WTO, there are a lot of problems with Chinese law. I think, my internship experience is not enough. In practice, I could combine substantive law with procedural law to analyze case, but I still feel my theoretical foundation is not solid enough. What’s more, comparably speaking, the chances that I he to initiatively study and practice are not a lot. Thereby, I am eager to study further abroad to know more about foreign law, thoughts and lawyer career so that I am able to stand out in fierce competition.

　要注意的有：

　1、PS的长度要适中，600—800英文单词。

　2、紧扣专业，主线明确，避免盲目个性化。让招生委员会知道你选择该专业的明确和强烈的动机，同时具备充分的条件完成该专业的学习。

　3、结构简单，衔接紧密，主线明确，便于理解。谨记：simple is the best。

　4、精心安排PS和其它文件的关系。PS，推荐信，简历等文件构成一整套申请文书，既需要相互应证，也需要这些文件各有侧重点。

　5、语言表达上，英语要地道、符合英语的思维习惯和文风，避免“中式英语”。大家一定要注重这些要点，这对你是否可以成功去美国留学生活很重要。

关于动物的雅思作文及解析

社交网络慢慢地也成为年轻人交友的方式之一，你觉得它有哪些利弊呢？下面我给大家带来雅思写作精讲：社交网络。

雅思写作高分 范文 赏析：社交网络之利弊

　2018年6月2日场的雅思真题是：Many people today prefer socializing online to spending time with friends in local community. Do advantages outweigh the disadvantages?越来越多的人选择在线上和朋友消磨时间。这是一件利大于弊的事吗?大神雅思认为，总体上这是一件利大于弊的事。首先：社交网络打开了我们的社交圈，拓展了社交方式，与世界各地的人形成联系。各个年龄层的人都可以通过社交网络做自己想做的事;此外，社交网络让人们有机会接触到更多的社会话题，促进社会变革和社会公益;当然，社交网络也会带来用户隐私问题。

　一起来看范文具体内容：

　雅思大 作文 范文

　As agers still seem to make up a huge percentage of social networkers, millions of adults and seniors today are becoming active on social networking sites. In general, I think this trend he exerted desirable impacts on people and society as a whole.

　正如随着青少年在社交网络上占了很大比例，如今，数以百万计的成年人和老年人在社交网站上也变得活跃起来。总的来说，我认为这一趋势对人们和整个社会产生了有益的影响。

　On social media sites, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Linkedln etc., users may develop biographical profiles, communicate with friends and strangers, do research, and share thoughts, photos, music, links, and more. Compared with the traditional way of communicating with people face-to-face, they provide rich opportunities for making new friends, especially when someone is looking forward to building up and maintaining connection with others with common interests both personally and professionally. Also, nowadays millions of people of all ages he tried the Internet dating services as a way to possibly find a lifelong partner. Therefore, experience suggests that socializing online is a great way to get acquainted with people that we would never he met otherwise.

　在Facebook、Instagram、Twitter和Linkedln等社交媒体网站上，用户可以开发个人简介，与朋友和陌生人交流，进行研究，分享想法、照片、音乐、链接等等。与传统的面对面交流方式相比，他们为结交新朋友提供了丰富的机会，特别是当有人期待与他人建立并保持与他人的联系时，无论是个人的还是职业的。此外，如今，数以百万计的各个年龄段的人都尝试过网络交友服务，以此来寻找终身伴侣。因此， 经验 表明，在网上进行社交是结识那些我们从未遇到过的人的好 方法 。

　More importantly, socializing online empowers individuals to make social change and do social good on a community even national level. People today he easier access to unveiling social problems and they he become more connected to the society by exchanging opinions with others who share the same concerns in life. This trend increases people's participation in social events, which encourages the to address issues in various fields.

　更重要的是，在线社交使个人能够在一个甚至国家层面上进行社会变革和社会公益。今天的人们更容易接触到社会问题，他们通过与生活中有着相同问题的人交换意见，变得更加与社会联系在一起。这一趋势增加了人们参与社会活动的机会，鼓励解决各个领域的问题。

　However, online socializing, just like it's offline counterpart, can present some danger and it is important that people understand the safety and privacy protection of any service they choose to use.

　然而，线上社交，和离线一样，会带来一些危险，重要的是人们要了解他们选择使用的任何服务的安全性和隐私保护。

　In conclusion, I believe that socializing online is helping instead of hindering the life of us.

　总之，我相信网上的社交活动有助于我们的生活，而不是阻碍我们的生活。

　12月16日雅思大作文真题：社交网络的负面影响

　2017年12月16日 雅思大作文题目

　“Some people think that social networking sites he a huge negative impact on both individual and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”

　17年最后一场雅思是的大作文是关于社交网络对个人和社会是否有负面影响的问题。

　那么社交网络到底有什么负面影响呢?很多同学可能已经感受到，社交网络在方便我们交流的同时，已经对我们造成了一些影响，比如社交网络使人沉迷，占据了许多时间;社交网络还会带来网络安全问题，我们的隐私也会随之泄露等。但是，我们是否要因为社交网络带来的负面影响而杜绝它呢?

　本文认为，我们不应该因噎废食，反之在接触社交网络时，要合理安排时间，保护好自己的隐私，让它为我们服务，而不是为之所困。

　老师笔记

　01

　Some people believe that social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter and Weibo, he exerted a huge negative impact on individuals as well as the society. For me, I partly agree with this opinion.

　有些人认为，社交网站，如脸书、推特和微博，对个人和社会都产生了巨大的负面影响。对我来说，我部分同意这个观点。

　解析

　(1) 本段为引入段，直接进入话题，但在转述题目观点时对题目中的social networking sites进行了具体举例描写，这是题目改写的一种策略。

　(2) exert 产生

　(3) partly 部分地

　02

　There is no denying that social network has brought us such a great convenience that we are able to contact others anytime and anywhere. Sharing personal feelings with their friends or strangers through words, photos or videos provides social websites users with great satisfaction so that they feel they are accepted by a community to which they belong.

　不可否认，社交网络给我们带来了极大的便利，我们可以随时随地与他人联系。通过文字、照片或与朋友们或陌生人分享个人的感受，给社交网站的用户带来了极大的满足感，让他们觉得在所属社区中有归属感。

　解析

　(1)本段先讲社交网站给我们带来的好处。

　(2)satisfaction 满足

　(3)community 社区

　03

　However, those benefits are accompanied by a lot of potential negative influence. For one thing, individuals tend to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, time and energy supposed to be spent in studying and working is wasted in renewing and browsing websites. For another, the issue of web security has already been a great concern for the whole society. For example, some people, especially agers and elder people, fail to realize that not only our friends but also strangers he access to the personal information in the social websites. They post their real names, photos or family addresses on their public homepages and allow them to be viewed by others. Consequently, the rate of Internet fraud gradually rises sincecriminals will make use of the leaked personal information for illegal purposes.

　然而，这些好处伴随着许多潜在的负面影响。一方面，个人往往沉迷于互联网。因此，本应花在学习和工作上的时间和精力就浪费在更新和浏览网站上了。另一方面，网络安全问题已经成为全社会关注的焦点。例如，有些人，特别是青少年和老年人，没有意识到，能够看到我们在社交网站上个人信息的不仅有我们的朋友，还有陌生人，他们在公共主页上发布真实姓名、照片或家庭住址，而且让他人浏览。因此，互联网犯罪率逐渐上升，因为犯罪分子将利用泄露的个人信息做非法用途。

　解析

　(1)本段论证社交网站给个人和社会带来的潜在风险。

　(2)accompany 伴随

　(3)potential 潜在的

　(4)be addicted to 沉迷于......

　(5)he access to 可以使用，可以进入

　(6)criminal 罪犯(的)

　04

　From the above discussion, it is clear that social networking sites can bring conveniences as well as dangers to our life. As social websites constitutesuch a significant part of our life that we now cannot do without them, we he to learn to use them properly so as to maximize their benefits andminimize their potential risks.

　从上面的讨论中，可以清楚地看到社交网站可以给我们的生活带来便利和危险。由于社交网站是我们生活中非常重要的组成部分，现在我们没有社交网站寸步难行，因此我们必须学会正确地使用它们，使其益处最大化，并最大限度地减少其潜在风险。

　解析

　(1)本段为结论段。

　(2)constitute 是，构成

　(3)cannot do without... 没有......不行

　(4)maximize 使......最大化

　(5)minimize 使......最小化

　完整范文

　Some people believe that social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter and Weibo, he exerted a huge negative impact on individuals as well as the society. For me, I partly agree with this opinion.

　There is no denying that social network has brought us such a great convenience that we are able to contact others anytime and anywhere. Sharing personal feelings with their friends or strangers through words, photos or videos provides social websites users with great satisfaction so that they feel they are accepted by a community to which they belong.

　However, those benefits are accompanied by a lot of potential negative influence. For one thing, individuals tend to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, time and energy supposed to be spent in studying and working is wasted in renewing and browsing websites. For another, the issue of web security has already been a great concern for the whole society. For example, some people, especially agers and elder people, fail to realize that not only our friends but also strangers he access to the personal information in the social websites. They post their real names, photos or family addresses on their public homepages and allow them to be viewed by others. Therefore, the rate of Internet fraud gradually rises since criminals will make use of the leaked personal information for illegal purposes.

　From the above discussion, it is clear that social networking sites can bring conveniences as well as dangers to our life. As social websitesconstitute such a significant part of our life that we now cannot do without them, we he to learn to use them properly so as to maximizetheir benefits and minimize their potential risks.

　(282 words)

　雅思写作大作文范文之社交网站

　Many people believe that social networking sites( such as Facebook) he had a huge negative impact on both individuals and society.

　To what extent do you agree?

　Social networking sites, for instance Facebook, are thought by some to he had a detrimental effect on individual people as well as society and local communities. However, in my opinion ,while I believe that such sites are mainly beneficial to the individual, I agree that they he had a damaging effect on local communities.

　With regards to individuals, the impact that online social media has had on each individual person has clear advantages. Firstly people from different countries are brought together through such sites as Facebook whereas before the development of technology and social networking sites, people rarely had the chance to meet or communicate with anyone outside of their immediate circle or community. Secondly, Facebook also has social groups which offer individuals a chance to meet and participate in discussions with people who share common interests.

　On the other hand, the effect that Facebook and other social networking sites he had on societies and local communities can only be seen as negative . Rather than individual people taking past in their local community, they are instead choosing to take more interest in people online. Consequently, the people within local communities are no longer forming close or supportive relationships. Furthermore, society as a whole is becoming increasingly disjointed and fragmented as people spend more time online with people they he never met face to face and who they are unlikely to ever meet in the future.

　To conclude although social networking sites he brought individuals closer together, they he not had the same effect on society or local communities. Local communities should do more to try and involve local people in local activities in order to promote the future of community life.

雅思写作精讲：社交网络相关 文章 ：

1. 雅思写作能力提升必看攻略

2. 如何利用社交网络推销产品

高中英语口语对话范文

近年来，关于动物保护的问题逐渐为人们所担忧，对此，你有什么看法呢？下面我给大家带来关于动物的雅思 作文 及解析。

雅思作文动物话题

　Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　题目讲解

　这次的题目是少见的 动物类 ，但是同学们要将题目着眼于是否保护动物，而不要太纠结于too much, 否则可能会很难下笔或者缺乏思路。

　 范文 为不同意观点。主旨：虽然动物们是生态系统中很重要的组成部分，但是其他的社会问题更值得我们关注比如贫困与失业。

　参考范文

　In recent years, animal protection has become an issue of concern. People take different attitudes towards the increasing attention and expenditure on wildlife conservation. Some people suggest that the spending should be redirected to helping other fields in society. I agree with the view that the investment in wildlife protection is not worthwhile.

　近年来，动物保护已成为一个令人担忧的问题。人们对野生动物保护越来越关注和投入的态度不同。一些人建议应该把这些花费重新导向社会的其他领域。我同意这样一种观点，即投资野生动物保护是不值得的。

　Animals, as a key component of the whole food chain, he a profound impact on the sustainability of an ecosystem. As we known, every kind of animals plays an important role in natural balance. For instance, the demise of any species will lead to the growth or decline of other species. In some extreme cases, some species may at the verge of extinction such as Dodo bird. If people did not take actions to protect wildlife as soon as possible, we humans would be affected in the end.

　动物作为整个食物链的重要组成部分，对生态系统的可持续性产生了深远的影响。众所周知，每一种动物在自然平衡中都扮演着重要的角色。例如，任何物种的消亡都会导致其他物种的生长或减少。在某些极端情况下，一些物种可能濒临灭绝，比如渡渡鸟。如果人们不尽快取行动保护野生动物，我们人类最终将受到影响。

　However, there are more issues that we need to focus in our society rather than protecting animals. In current social context, the primary task is still to improve living standards since there are many people living under the poverty line. Only when people are in a good living condition, can they pay attention to other social problems. Besides, technology and education are another two aspects of s to concern. These two industries accelerate the development of society, which will provide a better protection for wildlife in turn.

　然而，我们需要关注更多的问题，而不是保护动物。在当前的社会环境下，首要任务仍然是提高生活水平，因为有许多人生活在贫困线以下。只有当人们处于良好的生活状态时，他们才会注意到其他社会问题。此外，科技和 教育 是关注的另两个方面。这两个产业加速了社会的发展，这将为野生动物提供更好的保护。

　In conclusion, although the animal is a significant part of ecosystem, it is better for s to invest more finance and resources in other social problems.

　总之，虽然动物是生态系统的重要组成部分，但更应该在其他社会问题上投入更多的资金和。

　雅思写作话题高分范文有趣的动物

　Describe a time when you saw an interesting animal.

　You should say:

　what animal it was

　where you saw it

　what hened when you saw it

　and explain why you thought it was interesting.

　1.适用考生：全适用

　2.主题：锦鲤

　3. 故事 线：关于有趣的动物，我想告诉你关于锦鲤在中国很受欢迎，日本和其他亚洲国家。据我所知，锦鲤鱼是鲤鱼的色彩变化。一些主要颜色是白色、黑色、红色、**和奶油色，所以它们看起来特别奇妙。

　雅思口语高分范文示例：

　As for the interesting animal, I’d like to tell you about the koi fish which is very popular in China, Japan and other Asian countries. As far as I know, the koi fish is colourful variation of the common carp. Some of the major colours are white, black, red, yellow and cream, so they look particularly fantastic.

　The koi are hearty fish. They can thrive in cold, fresh waters. And they are opportunistic fish, which means they eat a wide range of food, including insects, fish eggs, juvenile fish of other species and a diverse range of plants. What surprise me most is that the koi fish can live up to 70-year-old, as long as human.

　Chinese people feed the koi fish for more than 1000 years. In China, they symbolise bringing good fortune and wealth, that is probably the reason why some many Chinese people like to keep them as pets at home in the tanks or ponds, especially the businessmen. Besides, I once saw a great number of koi fish in the lake of Olympic Forest Park in Beijing, being fed by children and old people. They are very aggressive as they would struggle in water to get the food. Besides, they are quite human-friendly, they even are not afraid of being touched by people in the water.

　 雅思大作文：动物的利用

　growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people and that they should he the same rights as humans, while others argue that humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research.

　Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　Some people believe that animals should be treated in the same way humans are and he similar rights, whereas others think that it is more important to use them as we desire for food and medical research. This essay will discuss both points of view.

　有些人认为动物应该像人类一样被对待，有相似的权利，而另一些人认为利用动物更重要，因为我们渴望食物和医学研究。本文将讨论这两种观点。

　With regard to the exploitation of animals, people believe it is acceptable for several reasons. Firstly, they think that humans are the most important beings on the planet, and everything must be done to ensure human survival. If this means experimenting on animals so that we can fight and find cures for diseases, then this takes priority over animal suffering. Furthermore, it is believed by some that animals do not feel pain or loss as humans do, so if we he to kill animals for food or other uses, then this is morally acceptable.

　雅思写作动物保护类话题必备词汇

　1. vivisection 活体解剖

　2. perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验

　3. test animals 用于实验的动物

　4. be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验

　5. animal rights 动物权利

　6. clinical research 临床研究

　7. cruel 残忍的

　8. extremist 极端主义者

　9. medical research 医学研究

　10. origin of species 物种起源

　11. alternative method 替代的 方法

　12. biological diversity 生物多样性

　13. natural balance 自然平衡

　14. equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡

　15. coexistence 共存

　16. endangered animals 濒危动物

　17. diversity of species 物种多样性

　18. shameless 令人羞愧的

　19. barbaric 野蛮的

　20. live and let live 活着就是与万物共存

　21. meaningless 没有意义的

　22. dominant species 优势物种

　23. laboratory 实验室

　24. vaccine 疫苗

　25. infringement 践踏

　26. right to live 生存权

　27. torture 折磨

　28. anti-science 反科学的

　29. life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病

　30. scientific gains 科学成果

关于动物的雅思作文及解析相关 文章 ：

1. 雅思考试大作文范文 环境与动物保护类

2. 雅思大作文范文 环境与动物保护类

3. 雅思作文|小作文7种题型与大作文12种题型分类讲解

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5. 雅思写作范文:20170708雅思大作文解析和范文

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7. 雅思大作文写作7分范文鉴赏

8. 2019年雅思写作大作文预测及参考范文

9. 雅思作文:20171111雅思大作文题目解析和范文

10. 雅思书信类写作范文赏析

托福TPO22综合写作及材料原文

　作为旨在培养学生语言交际能力的高中英语对话课,是整个高中英语教学中一个必不可少的重要组成部分。我精心收集了高中英语口语对话范文，供大家欣赏学习!

高中英语口语对话范文1

　Clerk: Can I help you find something?

　男：需要帮忙吗

　Alissa: Yes, I?m looking for some dress shoes for work, something with a low heel.

　女：是的，我想买双上班穿的较正式的鞋子，要低跟的

　Clerk: He you tried this brand? They make really comfortable shoes. This company makes several styles of dress shoes, including a sandal, a low boot, and a loafer. These right here are open toe and those over there he a strap in the back.

　男：试过这个牌子的鞋吗?这种鞋子非常舒服。这个公司还有其它几种上班族穿的鞋子，包括凉鞋、低腰靴子，还有拖鞋。这里这些是敞口的，那些是后面有带子的

　Allissa: Oh, I like these slip-ons, but they seem too narrow. My feet are pretty wide.

　女：噢，我喜欢这些便鞋，不过这些好象有点瘦，我的脚有点肥。

　Clerk: Those actually come in three widths: narrow, medium, and wide. Do you want to try them on?

　男：这些鞋有三种尺寸呢：瘦、中等与肥。你想试一下吗

　Allissa: Sure. Do you he them in a 6-and-a-half or a 7, in black or brown?

　女：好的。我要六号半或七号的，黑色或棕色的，有吗

　Clerk: I?m not sure. I?ll he to check in the back?Here you are. How does the 6-and-a-half fit?

　男：我不肯定，要到后面去查一下?　给你，看看这个六号半的是否合适

　Allissa: They?re a little too tight in the toe. Let me try the 7. Oh, that?s better, but now the heel is a little too loose.

　女：脚趾有点顶了，我试试七号的吧。嘿，这个挺合适，不过后脚跟又有点松了

　Clerk: Keep in mind that since they?re leather, they?ll stretch a little.

　男：别忘记这些是皮鞋，穿穿慢慢会变松的

　Allissa: In that case, I?ll take the black pair in the 6-and-a-half.

　女：要是这样，我还是要那个黑色六号半的鞋子吧

　Clerk: Great. I can ring you up over here.

　男：好的，那你在这里付款就可以了。

高中英语口语对话范文2

　Adam: With our expansion into these new areas of business, I think we need to think seriously about changing our corporate image. We?re much more than just a paper company now.

　男：随着公司的业务扩展到新的行业，我认为我们需要认真考虑改变公司形象的问题了。我们现在可完全不仅仅是一家纸业公司了

　Eva: I think you?re right. Our brand has changed, and if we want to keep brand loyalty, we need to think about protecting and improving our product image.

　女：你说得对。我们的品牌已经改变了，如果我们想保持客户的品牌忠诚度，我们就要考虑如何保护与改进我们的产品形象

　Adam: I agree that that?s a key issue as we reposition ourselves in the industry. We can never lose sight of our end-users.

　男：我同意，这对我们在行业内的重新定位很关键。我们不能让我们的最终用户看不到我们的形象。

　Eva: And, even though we he registered trademarks on some of the new prestige products, we need to he a plan if we want to turn these new products into household names.

　女：还有，尽管我们已经将我们信誉卓著的几个产品注册了商标，但是我们还是要好好规划，这样才能让我们的产品家喻户晓。

　Adam: I suggest we think about hiring a public relations firm. They may be able to help us update our corporate image and logo, and to shape our new corporate identity.

　男：我建议我们找一家公关公司。他们应该能帮助我们改进我们企业的形象与LOGO，重塑我们新公司的形象

　Eva: Why don?t I contact a few PR firms and set up some meetings?

　女：要不我去联系几家公关公司，召集他们开会讨论一下这个事

　Adam: Yes, do that. That seems like the logical next step.

　男：好，去办吧。这是一个合乎情理的办法。

高中英语口语对话范文3

　Adam: With our expansion into these new areas of business, I think we need to think seriously about changing our corporate image. We?re much more than just a paper company now.

　男：随着公司的业务扩展到新的行业，我认为我们需要认真考虑改变公司形象的问题了。我们现在可完全不仅仅是一家纸业公司了

　Eva: I think you?re right. Our brand has changed, and if we want to keep brand loyalty, we need to think about protecting and improving our product image.

　女：你说得对。我们的品牌已经改变了，如果我们想保持客户的品牌忠诚度，我们就要考虑如何保护与改进我们的产品形象

　Adam: I agree that that?s a key issue as we reposition ourselves in the industry. We can never lose sight of our end-users.

　男：我同意，这对我们在行业内的重新定位很关键。我们不能让我们的最终用户看不到我们的形象。

　Eva: And, even though we he registered trademarks on some of the new prestige products, we need to he a plan if we want to turn these new products into household names.

　女：还有，尽管我们已经将我们信誉卓著的几个产品注册了商标，但是我们还是要好好规划，这样才能让我们的产品家喻户晓。

　Adam: I suggest we think about hiring a public relations firm. They may be able to help us update our corporate image and logo, and to shape our new corporate identity.

　男：我建议我们找一家公关公司。他们应该能帮助我们改进我们企业的形象与LOGO，重塑我们新公司的形象

　Eva: Why don?t I contact a few PR firms and set up some meetings?

　女：要不我去联系几家公关公司，召集他们开会讨论一下这个事

　Adam: Yes, do that. That seems like the logical next step.

　男：好，去办吧。这是一个合乎情理的办法。

翻译年度工作总结报告

托福TPO22综合写作范文及材料原文

　在美国，一些人提倡使用乙醇燃料来代替汽油。然而，很多评论家认为一些原因使得乙醇燃料不是良好的汽油 替代品。托福TPO22综合写作的材料就乙醇燃料是否是很好的汽油替代品进行了分析。下面是我整理的材料和范文，欢迎阅读!

托福TPO22综合写作范文

　The reading and listening materials he a conflict of opinions about ethanol fuel. The writer believes that it is not a good alternative to gasoline， which is contradicted by the following lecture.

　Firstly， the writer claims that ethanol fuel fails to solve the environment pollution since it also releases carbon dioxide when burned. However， the speaker opposes the claim by saying that ethanol fuel is made of plants like corn， which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air as part of its nutrition. So the process of growing the plant counteracts the release of green house gas emission.

　Secondly， the writer states that the production of ethanol fuel would lead to a decline in source of food for farm animals， while the lecture views this issue from an opposite angle. According to him， ethanol fuel is made of cellulose， which is not eaten by animals. As a result， the amount of animal food won't be reduced at all.

　Third， the passage argues that ethanol fuel is less competitive than gasoline in terms of price because it is still relying on 's subsidies. By contrast， in accordance with the speaker， the reading's claim does not hold water. It will no longer be necessary for to subsidize ethanol fuel because an increase in demand will result in an increase in production， which gives rise to a drop in its price. According to a study， if the production of ethanol fuel is three times greater than it is now， the price will drop by 40%.

托福TPO22综合写作阅读材料：

　Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasoline for several reasons.

　乙醇燃料是从玉米或者甘蔗之类的植物中提取的。在美国，一些人提倡使用乙醇

　燃料来代替汽油。然而，很多评论家认为一些原因使得乙醇燃料不是良好的汽油 替代品。

　First, the increased use of ethanol fuel would not help to solve one of the biggest environmental problems caused by gasoline use: global warming. Like gasoline, ethanol releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when it is burned for fuel, and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas: it helps trap heat in the atmosphere. Thus, ethanol offers no environmental advantage over gasoline.

　首先，使用汽油带来的最大的问题之一是全球变暖，而对于乙醇燃料使用的增加 并不能解决这个问题。同汽油一样，乙醇燃烧后向大气释放二氧化碳，而二氧化 碳是温室气体。它会保持大气层内的温度。因而，相对于汽油来说，乙醇并没有 环保优势。

　Second, the production of significant amounts of ethanol would dramatically reduce the amount of plants ailable for uses other than fuel. For example, much of the corn now grown in the United States is used to feed farm animals such as cows and chickens. It is estimated that if ethanol were used to satisfy just 10 percent of the fuel needs in the United States, more than 60 percent of the corn currently grown in the United States would he to be used to produce ethanol. If most of the corn were used to produce ethanol, a substantial source of food for animals would disear.

　第二，乙醇产品的大量增加会导致用于其他目的作物数量减少。比如，在美国很 多的玉米都是用来作动物饲料来喂养牛和鸡。可以推测，如果乙醇只满足美国对 燃料需要的 10%，那么美国就要用现在玉米产量的 60%用来制造乙醇燃料。如 果把玉米产量的大部分用来生产乙醇燃料的话，那么家畜主要的食物来源就不复 存在了。

　Third, ethanol fuel will never be able to compete with gasoline on price. Although the prices of ethanol and gasoline for the consumer are currently about the same, this is only because of the help in the form of tax subsidies given to ethanol producers by the United States . These tax subsidies he cost the United States over $11 billion in the past 30 years. If the United States were to stop helping the producers in this way, the price of ethanol would increase greatly.

　第三，乙醇燃料在价格上永远无法与汽油竞争。虽然目前对消费者来说，乙醇燃 料和汽油的相差无几，但是只是因为美国以税收补贴的形式补助乙醇燃料制 造商。这个税收补贴在过去的三十年花掉了美国 110 亿美元。如果美国政 府停止以这种形式帮助制造商，那么乙醇燃料的价格会大幅升高。

托福TPO22综合写作听力材料：

　Ethanol actually is a good alternative to gasoline although you just read three reasons why it is not a good alternative. Not one of these three reasons is convincing.

　虽然阅读部分说乙醇燃料不是汽油很好的代替品，但是事实上是可以很好代替汽

　油的。阅读部分给出的三个理由都是没有说服力的。

　First, the increased use of ethanol will not add to global warming. It is true that when ethanol is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But as you read, ethanol was often made from plants such as corn. Well, the process of growing the plants counteracts this release of carbon dioxide. Let me explain. Every growing plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air as a part of its nutrition. So, growing plants for ethanol production actually removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

　首先，提高对乙醇燃料的使用不会导致全球变暖。诚然，燃烧乙醇燃料的时候是 会向空气中排放二氧化碳。但是，就像在阅读部分看到的，通常来说乙醇燃料是 由玉米之类的`作物制造的。恩，这些作物生长的过程中可以抵消掉乙醇燃料燃烧 所释放的二氧化碳的。我来解释一下。所有作物在生长的过程中都会吸收空气中 的二氧化碳作为养料。所以，为制造乙醇燃料而种植的作物事实上可以吸收乙醇 燃料排放到空气中的二氧化碳。

　Second, large scale production of ethanol does not he to reduce the source of food for animals. That is because we can produce ethanol using cellulose. Cellulose is the main component of plants? cell walls, and you find most cellulose in those parts of plants that are not eaten by animals. So, since we can produce ethanol from the plant parts that are not eaten, the amount of animals feed that is ailable will not be reduced.

　第二，大量生产乙醇燃料不会减少畜牧业的饲料供应。这是因为我们用纤维素制 造乙醇燃料。纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要组成成分，而且多数作物富含纤维素的 部分都是家畜不食用的。所以，鉴于我们是使用家畜不食用的部分来制造乙醇燃 料的，那么家畜可使用的饲料不会减少。

　Third, in the future, ethanol will be able to compete with gasoline in term of price. It is true that the subsidies make up ethanol is cheaper than it would normally be, but this support would not always be needed. Once enough people start buying ethanol, ethanol producers will increase their production of ethanol. Generally, increased production of a product leads to a drop in its price, so the price of ethanol will go down as more of it becomes ailable. Study shows that if ethanol production could be three times greater than it is now, the cost of producing a unit of ethanol would drop by forty percent.

　第三，在未来，乙醇燃料可以在价格上同汽油竞争的。确实，现在的补贴政 策使得乙醇燃料的价格比实际要低，但是这样的补贴政策不需要一直存在。一点 有足够多的人购买乙醇燃料，那么乙醇燃料的制造商将会更多地生产。 一般来说，对某产品的生产增多会导致价格下降，所以当乙醇燃料燃料的产量增 加之后，价格也会随之下降。研究表明如果乙醇燃料产品的产量增加三倍， 那么每个单位乙醇燃料的价格将会下降 40%。

;

如何避免ger作文留下范文的影子

通过 总结 ，人们可以把零散的、肤浅的感性认识上升为系统、深刻的理性认识，从而得出科学的结论，以便改正缺点，吸取 经验 教训，使今后的工作少走弯路，多出成果。下面就让我带你去看看翻译年度 工作总结 报告 范文 5篇，希望能帮助到大家!

翻译年度 总结报告 1

发现居然已经快要领第四个月的工资了，每月____块钱的固定收入的确让我的开销宽裕很多。我在广美老师那里工作已经四个月了，这应该是我大学阶段唯一一段工作赚钱的经历，收获颇丰。

1、 固定收入比非固定收入要好。凭我的资质，其实很容易找到一分作礼仪的工作，而且这个收入也高很多，一个展会每天都有____元进帐。但是发现，每份礼仪的工作都只是几天的时间，而且每次都要先 面试 再做事，收入是不稳定的。收入不稳定就会造成心里的不安定，稳定的收入就能让内心有保障。起码不会为下个月的买衣服啊，买化妆品阿大宗消费而担忧。这才发现，有固定收入是一件多么幸福的事情，哪怕收入不高。

2、 老板是一个监督并爱护员工的角色。我在广美帮张老师做邮件翻译，我发现其实自己工作是否尽力，老师是很难百分之百了解的。老师只能看是否需要翻的邮件已经翻译，只能看得出数量，但是不可能一五一十去了解质量。那么，工作质量如何完全靠员工的责任心来决定。我自己很清楚，如果老师说话客气点，布置的工作量不会太多，我就非常详尽得翻译信件，把意思尽可能得表达到位。但是如果今天老师让我感觉不爽，比如在临下班之前布置任务，我就只会用最简单的方式把意思翻译出来而已，绝对不会想是否到位，工作质量自然达不到最佳。自然而然扩展来说，老板爱护员工，员工就会拼命。要想因为付点工资就感觉员工做事认真是天经地义的，那老板就是失败的。其实这条定理对于做领导也是适用的，做社团干部也是适用的。

3、 赚钱不容易。要想领工资就得做事情。时常，张老师会打电话过来有些要紧的邮件要翻译。一个电话一谈就要半个钟，然后就会打乱我自己原先的，临时插进来要先把翻译的事情搞定。然后一周还要上三天班，从早上九点半到晚上五点半，中午还没得睡的哦。我通常白天上班，那晚上就什么事情都做不了了，只能看电视休息。这样，我才发现原来赚钱那么不容易。而且为私人老板打工，还得调整自己适应她的工作习惯。这对于时时刻刻想随心所欲的我，简直是折磨。

4、 任务化能让自己静心做事。最开始为了得到这份工作，一个晚上我居然能够翻译出一篇长达七八页纸的艺术类论文，简直是奇迹。后来，一个下午我居然能把一本英文艺术家传记了解的七七八八。因为翻译是工作，工作有指标，所以我能够静心把完全没有概念的艺术类文献很快熟悉。

5、 商业眼光能帮助你赚钱。张老师有一定艺术造诣，但真正能使她赚钱却是她的商业头脑。她注重和朋友关系，抓住每个能扩大她交际面的机会。有商业头脑的艺术家能赚钱，当然有商业头脑的教授也能赚钱。其实，无论是学术还是艺术领域，具备一个造诣的学者数量是不少的，但是兼备商业头脑的学者就少之又少了。虽然说把学术商业化是有点不合适，但是说到底又有几个真正的学者能够家产万贯呢，到后来还是具备商业头脑的学者就够名利双收。

翻译年度总结报告2

自20____年7月6日 入职 军工事业部以来，不知不觉已有一年，时光如梭，回首这一年，有工作时的忙碌，也有与同事合作时的愉快，更有来自领导的敦敦教导与关怀。在这一年里，我不仅在公司里学到了全新的东西，也从同事及领导身上学到了珍贵的做事态度与作人原则。这一年对我来说不仅仅意味着时间流逝，更意味着我 职场 生涯的开端，在这几个月里我从一个不谙世事的学生渐渐转变为职场的一员。现将今年以来的工作主要总结如下：

一、参加培训及学习规章体系

进入公司以后，参加了多种培训，包括安全培训，ISO9000质量管理体系培训等，同时参加了3次关于核安全 文化 的考试以及1次关于ISO9000质量管理体系的考试。经过相关培训以及相应的考试，我很快融入到了公司的大环境中，让我明白除了干好翻译的本职工作的同时，也应该将安全问题以及相关体系重视起来。尤其是安全培训，让我深深感受到安全对于每一个人，对于一个项目，甚至对于整个公司来说都是至关重要、缺一不可的。所以，对于任何人，无论身在何处，“安全第一”的概念始终需要放在第一位。

二、翻译工作

根据工作的具体要求，日常翻译工作主要有三方面：

其一是与国外公司来往的邮件。

其二是机器使用说明及相关内容。

其三是协助各部门进行翻译工作。

在翻译工作中，我始终以精益求精的态度，一丝不苟的精神对待每一个语句。机械行业的一些技术以及专业术语对于我这个初入机械行业的人来说，是必须攻克的难题，每每遇到不懂的内容，我便利用网络或者询问同事的 方法 来了解其含义，再将其译为英文，以求遵从原文意思。某些不懂或者较难的语句，则字斟句酌，反复推敲每一字，直到满意为止。同一原文，不同译文，通过反复斟酌，尽可能地选择更加贴切的译法。

三、扩大学习范围

通过切身的经验，我深知作为一名合格的职场人才，单单提升专业技能是远远不够的。所以，除了专业学习外，在作人做事方面，我也加强了学习。来到核电军工事业部后，我积极主动地参与公司组织的各项学习活动，在工作当中向同事虚心请教，大到为人做事严谨的态度，小到办公设备的使用，这几个月我从未放弃学习的任一时机。唯有学习，才能发现自己的不足。经过一段时间的学习，我对自己的工作有了一个全新的理解：精于专业但又不局限于专业。到现在为止，我已熟悉了本部门的工作，在日常生活中也能够奉献出自己的一份力量。

四、对待不足之处

入一行，爱一行。这是我当前最深刻的体会。进入机械行业、掌握职场技能对于我来说是一条漫长而又充满吸引力的道路。我深知自己身上的不足之处，这些不足让我警醒，但是我相信在自己的努力之下以及领导同事的帮助引导下，我一定会成为一名合格的为公司所用的人才。

最后，感谢公司为我提供这个平台，同时感谢军工事业部的领导和同事对我的栽培和帮助，让我不断成熟与进步。相信在以后的日子里，我会在这个平台上尽我所能，为公司的更加辉煌尽一份力量!

翻译年度总结报告3

在对外经贸经济活动中，企事业单位对于各层次职业翻译人才的需求越来越广泛，为开拓学生的知识面和增强其 英语学习 的应用能力，在中等职业学校 商务英语 专业开设各类应用文体的实用翻译课程已成为必需。为此，我们必须改变传统的教学方式，为中职学生构建开放的整体学习环境，促进他们形成积极的学习动机和获得良好的语言翻译能力。

一、从科目要求出发，浅谈中职商务英语翻译教学存在的问题

目前中职学校商务英语专业在课程设置、教学目标、课时安排和教材使用等方面都亟待完善，其存在的问题主要有以下几个方面：

1、课程设置缺乏科学性、系统性。中职学校商务英语专业翻译课程开设较晚，为便于学生参加相关的商务英语等级证书的考试，课程一般设在二年级的下学期，课堂授课课时较少(一般为60学时或80学时)，学生对商务英语的翻译理论和翻译技巧的掌握仅为皮毛;另外，在学习翻译课之前，尽管中职商务英语专业的学生已经学过商务英语听说、商务 英语阅读 及商务 英语写作 等课程，但是因为学生的基础较差、在校学习的时间较短，再加上学校未曾开设英汉对比、修辞、词汇学等相关课程，因此，翻译课教师的授课难度较大。

2、教材内容过时、教学模式陈旧，与社会需求相脱节。教材虽然注重以“应用为目的，实用为主，够用为度”的编写原则，但所选用的实例不够新颖，内容仍保留一些传统教学色彩，对商务英语专业学生的听说能力的重视也不够;教材虽然注重实践与形式多样化的结合，但教师对现代教学模式的探索和实践不够，课堂教学依旧以传统的授课方法为主，容易导致教学和实践的脱节，培养出来的学生很难满足行业的需求。

3、考试为指挥棒，课堂教学与职业 教育 相脱节。目前，各种形式的外语测试直接充当着指挥棒的角色，中职学校的商务英语教学也同样沿袭着这样的趋势：即考试考什么，教师就教什么，测试哪方面的能力，学生就集中学习哪方面的内容。

4、中等职业学校商务英语专业的师资力量相对薄弱。翻译课教学的要求高、难度大，它不仅要求教师要有扎实的双语基本功，懂得语言学、教学法、翻译理论、商务贸易等相关学科的知识，还要有口译、笔译的实践能力;同时，由于翻译课程的备课量大、作业批改难度大、教学任务繁重等因素，导致教学效果不理想。

二、根据目前现状，浅议中职商务英语翻译教学实践的重点

1、在中职商务英语翻译课堂，如何摆脱传统教学的弊端，确实是翻译教学改革的重点所在。针对目前翻译教学的现状，笔者认为，中职商务英语专业的翻译教学应从以下几个方面重点进行教学实践：

1.以理论研究作为教学实践重点，在教学实践的'基础上探索中职学校翻译教学的整体语言教学模式，进一步完善翻译教材和教法。

2、以师资培养为重点：建设一支能实施翻译教学与整体语言教学实践的师资队伍。

3、以学生培养为重点：实现由传统单一“知识型”人才培养向“复合型”、“实用型”、“创造型”人才培养的转变;在新的教学理念的指导下，教师在课堂上应通过整体语言教学的方式不断探索 教学方法 ，在帮助中职学生建构知识的过程中，应更好地使学生了解语言学习过程，从而使他们养成自主学习的意识和习惯，形成独立获取和应用信息的能力。

三、结合专业性质，试论中职商务英语专业翻译教学实践的合理规划针对我国翻译教学的现状和存在的问题。

结合中职学校商务英语专业性质、特点及人才培养目标，中职商务英语翻译教学必须进行科学系统的学科探索与规划。首先，进行系统的课程设置。翻译教学要贯穿于中职教育的全过程，体现其特有的教育思路，课程设置必须注重系统性、科学性、多样性，即课程如何科学合理的设置，才能使各门相关学科从低年级向高年级过渡中进行科学合理的衔接。在低年级应注重培养学生的双语语言基本功、普及人文社科等基本知识，为高年级各种应用文体的翻译打好扎实的同时，针对商务、文秘、旅游、国商等不同专业方向，组织编写富有时效性和实用性的校本教材，注重翻译知识与翻译技巧的专业应用能力的培养。

其次，完善新的教学理念。要使翻译教学从传统的弊端中走出来，实施以人为本的教学，必须树立新的教学理念。笔者认为全新的教学理念应包括：科学的教学方法、新型的师生关系、多样的教学模式、优化的语言输入、现代化的教学手段、综合的测试手段。翻译教学要从传统的“满堂灌”、“一言堂”改变成为精讲多练的师生互动型课堂;在语言实践教学环节，要以学生为中心、教师为主导;在翻译教学过程中应关注学生的兴趣、动机、需求、目的、意志及学习策略等个人因素，从而使教师成为学生学习的促进者、组织者和指导者;课堂上学生在教师的指导下全方位地参与教学全过程，强化培养学生的独立思考能力和实际运用能力;课堂教学可以取模拟现尝演示报告、翻译评论、项目协作等多种多样的任务型活动，例如教师要求学生进行小组合作情景翻译练习;教师利用教学课件选择具有实际意义的翻译项目，指导学生上机练习;或者利用 社会实践 活动，组织学生合作完成一些翻译项目……在这一系列的活动中，教师既能培养学生的动口能力和工作责任心，同时又能使学生在整体语言环境中获得学以致用的成就感;在教学过程中教师要对学生给予充分的信任、鼓励，将学生的课堂表现、作业情况和考试成绩结合起来进行评测。

最后，建立强大的师资阵容。学校必须不断充实师资队伍，满足当前中职学校外语教学实践发展和翻译教学改革的需要。在师资队伍的建设过程中，要充分考虑学生的知识结构现状，借鉴现代语言学、符号学、传播学等各个学科的发展，在教师翻译教学实践的基础上加强翻译理论研究;注重师资的培训与交流，学校可通过加强校内外翻译教学经验的交流与合作，邀请翻译人员来校授课，派教师到校外、国外学习进修等方式拓宽教师的知识面;作为教师本人还要自觉加强自身业务修养与理论学习，认真总结教学经验，精心设计教学方案，为使自己具备“双师型”教师的素质，取得相关证书和相关行业的从业经验也理应成为教师自我提升的必需。

总之，随着社会对高技能复合型、实用型、创造型人才要求的不断提高，中职商务英语专业翻译教学的改革和创新势在必行。在中职商务英语翻译教学实践的过程中，教师应坚持实用为主、够用为度的方向，注重教学内容的实用性和时效性，不断加强理论学习和实践，努力提高自身的教学水平，为培养符合社会实际需要的人才，不断开拓出符合中职商务英语翻译教学的新思路、新方法。

翻译年度总结报告4

从业以来，仅就笔译而言，做得还算进退自如。当初兴趣使然，毅然决然半路出家做了翻译，现在想来，有些冲动和冒险，但应该说这是一次正确的选择。走到今天，除了机遇外，应该还有其必然性。我拟从一个非语言专业译者的角度谈谈自己对翻译工作的理解和认识。

一、选准方向，打好基础

有些人认为，只有外语专业的才能做好翻译，翻译就是翻译文学作品。在世界经济文化交流日益频繁的今天，这种看法显然是不全面的。从翻译需求来看，主要还是实用类翻译，如科技、 财经 、法律等。具体到某一翻译类别，如果没有深厚的经验积累或者相应的专业知识，想胜任愉快是不太可能的。所以我建议翻译新手在从业伊始就应该结合自己的兴趣、特长、专业背景等，选择一个翻译主攻方向。经营某类翻译久了，不仅质量有保障，速度也能上得去，从成本效益角度来看，是相当划算的。

以我相对熟悉的法律翻译为例，我中英文法律文本的阅读量至少达到百万字的数量级。阅读可以帮助我了解法律概念、原理，不同法律文本的风格，甚至对法律推理也有所了解。有了阅读积累，应对实际工作的时候，就能比较轻松自如。对我来说，翻译工作最难的部分不在实际做翻译，而在做知识储备。一方面，我想加强对某一法律领域的了解，做到翻译时心中有数，不会稀里糊涂;另一方面，我要根据公司业务的发展，阅读相关材料。这种准备工作量之大，有时令人心生畏惧。

我心目中最理想的翻译人才模式是专业知识+语言能力，我甚至觉得现在的翻译硕士教育也应该有一定的针对性。比如说，如果培养方向以财经为主，则可以考虑开设基本的财经、金融双语课程。

二、学会研究，体现专业

我们阅读中文文本时，如果遇到不太理解的词语、概念，可以跳过去，甚至整段整段地跳，或者知道个大概就可以了。但是，要将中文译成英文，遇到这种情况，就算想跳也不能跳，否则还要翻译做什么?翻译的价值从何体现?这时翻译就要做研究。不是简单地查一查字典、搜一搜网络，而是要准确理解相关词语的确切内涵，必要时甚至要阅读相关的英语语篇，了解它在具体语境中的运用。研究的层次不局限于词语，还可以上升到语篇。比如，我就在互联网上找过十个版本左右的英文保密协议，找过多个版本的英文起诉状，研究它们语篇风格和实质内容的异同。

有时听人感慨说，翻译到了一定阶段，就会遭遇瓶颈。我认为，解决这一问题的办法就是不断学习和研究。举例来说，如果时事新闻汉译英的时候遇到困难，我们可以阅读国内外的多种相关报刊杂志，一定可以找到多种可供借鉴的译法，并通过比较，判断出最优译法。

三、注重细节，精益求精

翻译工作最终体现为译入语的字字句句，甚至标点符点上。在细节方面(特别是标点符号和空格)，本地化翻译做得非常好，我觉得可以向全行业推广。

同一原文，不同译文，如何分出译文的优劣高下?设两个译者的水平非常接近，有时候，一两个关键词的处理，就能看出译者下了多大功夫。比如，roval作为可数名词，在一定语境下是表示“批准件”的，甚至可以结合具体交易细化为“批件”、“批文”或“批函”。又如review，律师review一个文件，可以说是“审阅”;审计师review一个账目，实际上是在“复核”;上司对下属做performance review，实际是对下属的工作表现做“评价”。再如，一定语境下，issue到底是“签发”还是“颁发”?rove到底是“批准”还是“核准”?考虑到动作主体、搭配习惯等，应该还是存在最优译法的。

翻译年度总结报告5

我在______独立地担任德国米巴赫焊机专家的专职翻译，仅应付他一个，我就明显地感到底气不足。第一天有翻译老师带着，没出什么问题，第二天我独自一人，才发现问题的严重性，很多的专业词汇我一窍不通，我一个人在那里根本无法成为工人与老外沟通的桥梁。渐渐地，要翻译什么东西时，工人宁愿走很远去找我的翻译老师，也不理我了，我好伤心。两个星期的时间不算长，但我也不能浪费啊，何况还有这么好的机会能单独和老外交流，这可是锻炼口语的绝佳机会。当时我就拿出纸笔，把机器上所有的英文和工人说的中文都记了下来，休息时全部在字典中查了出来，并牢牢记住了它们的意思，再开始工作时，我就找机会问工人这些词对应的是机器的哪一部分，我也抽老外有空的时候向他请教各种专业知识。不到三天的时间，机器各部位的名称和工作原理我都了如指掌，再有工人问我时，我就不会不心慌气短，慢慢地也能应付自如了。

对于翻译，英译汉还基本可以，汉译英真是让人不知所措。一个中文词在英语中有很多表述法，选择适当的词义就成了令我头疼的一件事，这特别考验一个人的应变能力。

有一件让我特别难忘的事，就是我做了一次会议主翻译。那天一冷轧焊机出了故障，将我老外邀去商量解决方案，我也要跟着去。去后才发现不是直接维修，而是开会商谈。我从未见过这样的场面，一大群有身份的中国人围着我俩，我很紧张，因为这影响着少则几百万的钢铁产量，我对自己毫无半点信心，一直拉着我老外的衣服，他却劝我，让我别怕。会议刚开始时我还能应付，后来谈到些特别专业的词汇时我只能束手无策，急中生智的我找来纸笔，连画带写地将整个问题的大概翻译给他，他也顺利地找到了问题的所在。通过这件事让我明白，碰到问题别紧张，别害怕，要及时想出解决的方案，只要达到了预期的效果，通过什么样的手段都是次要的。

去了那里以后，才发现自己的水平是那么地有限，听力和口语都差得太原，很多时候，当自己正在庆幸听懂了老外说的话时，却无法对上他的话，一句很简单的话，都要在心里琢磨很久，就是我不知道怎么表达出来，这与我平时训练过少还是有很大的关系。我们处在中文的语境中，说英语的机会本来就不多，仅仅在课堂上，课下自己也很少找外交交流，很少用英语和大家对话，那英文想提高真的很困难。很多人认为学好英语词汇是关键，通过这两个星期的工作，我发现并不是这样。单词是要背，关键还是单词的用法，如果只知其意，不知搭配，背再多的单词也是枉然，说出口的 句子 不成句子，有时一词多意，别人甚至还会误解句子的意思这样真是得不偿失。

这两个星期的工作，收获不仅是学习上的，在生活上，也学到了许多在学校学不到的东西，社会远比学校复杂得多。在工厂里，不仅要做好翻译工作，还要处理好与工人间的关系。老外说话很直接，做翻译的我就很为难了。有时老外不喜欢工人围观，影响工作，要我让他们都“go away”，这时我讲话就要注意分寸，尽量转述他的意思而不伤害到工人，他们不像同学，都是要面子的人，如果伤害到他们，那以后恐怕就没有人合作了。在办公室里，翻译老师们对我们都很友好，但办公室大小有限，我们去工作已经很打扰人家，我们都很自觉地选择呆在户外，以免给人家造成更大的不便。我们争取让自己做到最好，要让人家觉得我们是帮手而不是负担。

如果时间允许我再从大一来开始一次，我一定每天早上早点起床，用更多的时间读英语，这会培养一个人的语感;我一定会多争取与外交交流，这会使自己更牢固地掌握各种单词的用法;我一定会多听磁带，这会使自己的语音语调更好;我还会多背单词，这会扩大自己的知识面。但一切都不可重来。工作结束了，但我的学习还在延续，我会从现在开始，走好自己的每一步!

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求一篇关于大学教育和职业教育的英语范文。

　1.在观点上要具有洞察力，要有自己的原创特色。

观点是GRE作文考试的核心内容，考察考生能否对一个issue进行深入分析与思考并最终提出一个有层次的观点。有了原创观点就不用担心雷同。我这样说也许有有点像让快饿死的人去吃肉粥。如果真的要借鉴范文观点，我建议应该尽可能做一些调整，以避免第二个雷区。或者干脆在文中讲明这个思路是借鉴了哪一本参考书的。美国人对真小人比对伪君子要宽容。

2.绝对不能照抄原文。

在语言上可以使用一些范文的句式，但是绝对不能照抄原文，而是要换掉一些关键词。或者如果要借用关键词，则必须使用别的句式。

3.在结构上可以取声东击西的策略。

比如把北美范文用在120题的结构和破题策略用在210题上。

4.可以引用范文例证。

在例证方面，使用范文用过的例证没有问题，哪怕用那些被判雷同的例证也没问题。例证是人类的共同知识，谁都可以使用，关键是我们不能用和范文作者同样的思路和语言来诠释例证并展开类似的论证。

因此，越是耳熟能详的例证如牛顿与苹果树、爱迪生孵蛋，要写出原创的内容就越困难，雷同的危险就越大。

综上，要想根本避免GRE作文雷同情况发生，我们一方面可以在政策允许的范围内对范文进行合法、合理的使用，另一方面更要积极培养我们自己的独立思考能力，从根本上解决雷同问题，避免因雷同而被取消成绩。 这就需要考生有自己的思想、自己的例证和自己的语言，各位考生尽量不要照抄范文，而是自己来写。

以上就是小编对如何避免GRE作文雷同的介绍。希望对同学们的GRE考试有所帮助。 只要你合理地安排时间，科学的掌握背诵技巧。平时多积累，相信你的GRE作文肯定会有所突破!

1． 大学毕业生在就业时有许多考虑的因素，如待遇、专业、工作地点…¨

2． 对该优先考虑的因素持有不同的意见

3． 我的看法

On Job-hunting Priorities

When a graduate hunts for a job, he has to take the priority issue of a few significant factors into consideration, such as the pay, the specific field, and the location.

Graduates give priority to different elements. Some graduates think the pay should take the first place, since they he been spending the money of the family all the time, and it’s time to do something as the reward to other family members. Besides, a high pay usually means a relatively high position in the company. Some would their major as the No. 1 element, or it would be a big waste of what they he learned in college. Meanwhile, the major chosen for college most of the time reflects their interest and preference. Still others offer the pride of place to the location of the job. They believe big cities like Beijing or Shanghai will provide more opportunities, or a place close to hometown will furnish more convenience between the graduate and his family since most families now he one child only.

As to me ,the ideal is the three elements combined together. But when I he to take a choice, l would pick up the best choice close to my family since “ East, west, home is the best”

1.参加高考的人数有所下降

2.有人认为职业教育更为重要

3.你的看法

Vocational education or college education ?

The number of people who take the college entrance examination has been decreasing these years. Some people consider vocational education an advantage to job-hunting, while others argue that a college diploma is more important.

ln my opinion, college education is more advisable or most people. [4lFirst, college education is systematic and students can learn a lot in many aspects. Unlike vocational, which always focuses on just one job skill, college education enables students to develop different po-tentials.15lSecond, to oain a higher degree, such as a master’s degree, one has to go through college education to a bachelor’s degree first.

In a society where any job skill may become outdate-ed quickly with the earance of new technologies, the limitations of vocational education prove even more serious. Only college education can prepare us for future challenges.